FOOT & ANKLE

Achilles Tendon Rupture

The Achilles tendon is a strong fibrous cord behind the ankle that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It is the largest tendon in the body and used when you walk, run and jump. Rupture or tear of the achilles tendon is a tearing and separation of the tendon fibres so the tendon can no longer perform its normal function. Achilles tendon rupture is commonly seen in middle-aged men and women involved in sports activities. People with a history of tendonitis and certain diseases such as arthritis and diabetes have a higher risk of achilles tendon rupture.

Symptoms

It is common to experience the following an achilles tendon rupture:

Severe pain in the back of ankle
Swelling and discolouration
Stiffness and tenderness
Difficulty to stand on tiptoe and push the leg when walking
Feeling that someone has struck you at the back of your heel during a activity

Causes

Achilles tendon rupture can occur at any time to any one, although they are more likely to occur during a sporting activity, typically a sudden toe off. Sports include tennis, football, basketball and gymnastics. To prevent achilles tendon injury, it is good practice to stretch and warm-up exercises before participating in any exercises or physical activities.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually obvious clinically and made by medical consultation and examination, taking the patient's past medical history and physically inspecting the injured area. An ultrasound may be requested to determine the level of injury.

Treatment Options

Non Operative Treatment

Non operative treatment is usually selected for minor ruptures, those who are less active and with other medical conditions which may prevent them from having surgery as there is higher risk of re-injury. Non operative treatment involves wearing a cast or special brace which lifts the heel, restricts movement and allows the tendon to heal.

Surgery

If non operative treatment is ineffective or the injury is too severe and requires surgery, the torn tendon is sutured together and repaired. Surgical repair may significantly reduce the risk or re-injury and thus is recommended in younger or active patients.

For both non operative and surgical treatment, returning to full athletic activity takes approximately 6-12 months.

Find out more about Achilles Tendon repair.